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Preliminary Concepts
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Lexicon

ámman îar reference grammar 
(ámman îar îarbampárma)

Table of Contents

Preliminary Concepts
       1.1 Predicates and Arguments
                1.1.1 Semantic Roles
                1.1.2 Syntactic Relations
                1.1.3 Grammatical Relations
                1.1.4 Mapping Semantic Roles to Syntactic Relations
                1.1.5 Predicate Inflections
       1.2 Ergativity
                1.2.1 Morphological Ergativity
                        1.2.1.1 Discriminatory Function of Case
                        1.2.1.2 Animacy
                1.2.2 Syntactic Ergativity

2.0 Phonology
        2.1 Orthography
               2.1.1 eglar forms
                2.1.2 taith forms
                2.1.3 Example Text
        2.2 Phonetics
        2.3  Phonotactics
                2.3.1 Roots
                2.3.2 Syllable Structure and Stress
        2.4 Morphophonetics
                2.4.1 Palatization
                2.4.2 Labialization
                2.4.3 Nasal Assimilation
                2.4.4 Nasal Mutation
                2.4.5 Lenition
                2.4.6 Assimilation
                2.4.7 Consonant Cluster Shifts
                2.4.8 Vowel Deletion

Inflectional Morphology

3.0 Nominal Morphology
        3.1 Number
                3.1.2 Singular
                3.1.3 Plural
                3.1.3 Class Plural
        3.2 Noun Cases
                3.2.1 Core Cases
                      3.2.1.1 Ergative
                      3.2.1.2 Absolutive
                3.2.2 Oblique Cases
                      3.2.2.1 Dative
                      3.2.2.2 Instrumental
                      3.2.2.3 Genitive
                      3.2.2.4 Abessive
               3.2.3  Locative Cases
                      3.2.3.1 Illative
                      3.2.3.2 Allative
                      3.2.3.3 Inessive
                      3.2.3.4 Adessive
                      3.2.3.5 Elative
                      3.2.3.6 Ablative
                      3.2.3.7 Comitative

 4.0 Determiners
        4.1 Definite Determiners
                4.1.1 Identifiable Definite
                4.1.2 Definite Superset
                4.1.3 Relevant Definite
                4.1.4 Indefinite
        4.2 Associative Determiners
                4.2.1 Identifiable Definite
                4.2.2 Definite Superset
                4.2.3 Relevant Definite
                4.2.4 Indefinite
        4.3 Demonstrative Determiners
                4.3.1 Spatial Deitics
                        4.3.1.1 Spatial Indefinite
                        4.3.1.2 Spatial Distal
                        4.3.1.3 Spatial Proximal
                4.3.2 Temporal Deictics
                        4.3.2.1 Temporal Indefinite
                        4.3.2.2 Temporal Distal
                        4.3.2.3 Temporal Proximal
                4.3.3 Anaphoric Demonstratives
        4.4 Genitive Determiners
        4.5 Interrogative Determiners
                4.5.1 Constrained Interrogative
                4.5.2 Unconstrained Interrogative
                4.5.3 Genitive Interrogative
        4.6 Quantifying Determiners

5.0 Names

6.0 Pronouns
        6.1 Personal Pronouns
        6.2  Demonstrative Pronouns
                6.2.1 Spatial Deictic
                        6.2.1.1 Spatial Indefinite
                        6.2.1.2 Spatial Distal
                        6.2.1.3 Spatial Proximal
                6.2.2 Temporal Deictics
                        6.2.2.1 Temporal Indefinite
                        6.2.2.2 Temporal Distal
                        6.2.2.3 Temporal Proximal
        6.3 Impersonal Pronoun
        6.4 Pronoun Core Cases
                6.4.1  Speech-Act Participants
                        6.4.1.1 Nominative
                        6.4.1.2 Accusative
                6.4.2 Non-Speech-Act Participants
                        6.4.2.1 Ergative
                        6.4.2.2 Accusative
                        6.4.2.3 Nominative/Absolutive
        6.5 Pronoun Oblique Cases
        6.6 Pronoun Locative Cases

7.0 Predicate Morphology
        7.1 Verb Chain
               7.1.1  Lexical Verb
                7.1.2 Auxiliary Verb
                7.1.3 Predicate Inflections
        7.2 Verb Stem
        7.3 Predicate Inflections
                7.3.1 Core Valency
                        7.3.1.1 Patient Valency
                        7.3.1.2 Agent Valency
                        7.3.1.3 Agent/Patient Valency
                7.3.2 Theme Valency
                        7.3.2.1 Patient/Theme Valency
                        7.3.2.2 Agent/Theme Valency
                7.3.3 Ditransitive Predicates

8.0 Lexical Verb Inflections
        8.1 Verb Class
                8.1.1 State
                8.1.2 Process
                8.1.3 Action
                8.1.4 Action/Process
        8.2 Voice
                8.2.1 Active Voice
                8.2.2 Passive Voice
                8.2.3 Antipassive Voice
                8.2.4 Ambient Voice
                8.2.5 Applicative Voice
                8.2.6 Causative Voice
                8.2.7 Reflexive Voice
                8.2.8 Reciprocal Voice

9.0 Auxiliary Verb Inflections
        9.1 Tense
                9.1.1 Present Tense
                9.1.2 Past Tense
                9.1.3 Future Tense
        9.2 Aspect
                9.2.1 Definite Aspect
                9.2.2 Perfective Aspect
                9.2.3 Progressive Aspect
                9.2.4 Habitual Aspect
        9.3 Tense/Aspect
                9.3.1 Present Tense Aspects
                        9.3.1.1 Present Definite
                        9.3.1.2 Present Perfect
                        9.3.1.3 Present Progressive
                        9.3.1.4 Present Habitual
                9.3.2 Past Tense Aspects
                        9.3.2.1 Past Definite
                        9.3.2.2 Past Perfect
                        9.3.2.3 Past Progressive
                        9.3.2.4 Past Habitual
                9.3.3 Future Tense Aspects
                        9.3.3.1 Future Definite
                        9.3.3.2 Future Perfect
                        9.3.3.3 Future Progressive
                        9.3.3.4 Future Habitual
        9.4 Semantic Aspectuals
                9.4.1 Relative
                9.4.2 Transitory/Generic
        9.5 Mood
                9.5.1 Epistemic Modality
                        9.5.1.1 Epistemic Judgments
                                9.5.1.1.1 Assertion
                                9.5.1.1.2 Speculative/Possibility
                                9.5.1.1.3 Deductive/Necessity
                        9.5.1.2 Epistemic Evidentials
                                9.5.1.2.1 Quotative/Hearsay
                                9.5.1.2.2 Sensory
                9.5.2 Deontic Modality
                        9.5.2.1 Deontic Directives
                                9.5.2.1.1 Imperative
                                9.5.2.1.2 Permissive/Possibility
                                9.5.2.1.3 Obligative/Necessity
                                9.5.2.1.4 Commissive
                       9.5.2.2 Deontic Volitives
                                9.5.2.2.1 Optative
                                9.5.2.2.2 Hortative
        9.6 Polarity

10.0 Adjective Morphology
        10.1 Adjective Classes
                10.1.1 Descriptives
                10.1.2 Purposives
                10.1.3 Scalars
                10.1.4 Cardinals
                10.1.5 Inceptives
                10.1.6 Substantials
                10.1.7 Formatives
        10.2 Adjective Distribution
                10.2.1 Attributive Adjectives
                10.2.2 Predicate Adjectives
                        10.2.2.1 Tense/Aspect
                        10.2.2.2 Semantic Aspectuals
                        10.2.2.3 Mood
                        10.2.2.4 Polarity
        10.4 Adjective Phrases
        10.5 Adjective Degree
                 10.5.1 Positive
                 10.5.2 Equative
                 10.5.3 Comparative
                 10.5.4 Superlative
         10.5 Non-numeric Quantifiers
         10.6 Numeric Quantifiers

11.0 Adverb Morphology
        11.1 Adverb Classes
                11.1.1 Manner
                11.1.2 Place
                11.1.3 Time
                11.1.4 Frequency
                11.1.5 Degree
        11.2 Adverbial Degree
                11.2.1 Positive
                11.2.2 Equative
                11.2.3 Comparative
                11.2.4 Superlative
        11.3 Sentential Adverbs
        11.4 Disjuncts
        11.5 Degree Modifiers

12.0 Postpositions
        12.1 Postpositional Classes
                12.1.1 Directionals
                12.1.2 Spatials
                12.1.3 Temporals
                12.1.4 Associatives
                12.1.5 Instrumentals

Syntax

13.0 Constituent Order
        13.1 Unmarked Word Order
                13.1.1 Intransitive Word Order
                13.1.2 Transitive Word Order
        13.2 Intraphrasal Word Order
                13.2.1 Noun Phrase Order
                13.2.2 Verb Phrase Order
        13.3 Pragmatic Considerations
        13.4 Subordinate Clause Word Order

14.0 Noun Phrases
        14.1 Intransitive Constructions
        14.2 Transitive Constructions 
        14.3 Ditransitive Constructions
        14.4 Predicate Nominals
                14.4.1 Inclusives
                14.4.2 Equatives
        14.5 Predication of Place
        14.6 Genitive Constructions
                14.6.1 Possessives
                14.6.2 Inalienable Possessives
                14.6.3 Subject Genitives
                14.6.4 Object Genitives
                14.6.5 Partitive Genitives
                14.6.6 Measure Genitives

15.0 Subordinate Clauses
        15.1 Subordinate Clause Constructions
                15.1.1 Complements
                        15.1.1.1 Subject Complements
                        15.1.1.2 Object Complements
        15.2 Relative Clauses
                15.2.1 Relative Paticiples
                15.2.2 Relative Clause Formation
                15.2.3 Ergative Pivot Constraints

16.0 Miscellaneous Constructs
        16.1 Non-verbal Predicates
                16.1.1 Attributive Clauses
                16.1.2 Locative Clauses
                16.1.3 Possessive Clauses
                16.1.4 Existential Clauses

Appendices
        A. Translations
        B. Lexicon
        C. ámman îar / English Dictionary